Ontario's Far North is home to more than 200 sensitive species of animals including the woodland caribou and polar bear. The region's trees, soil and peat act as a globally significant carbon sink.

Environmental groups have applauded the proposed Far North Act, 2009 that will ensure First Nation lead planning for creation of a network of conservation lands. A Far North Land Use Strategy will be developed that includes mapping of ecological and cultural values.

Nishnawbe Aski Nation Grand Chief Stan Beardy stated the legislation is not good enough. "The Far North is our homeland and has been kept pristine by the Cree and Ojibway people for generations," said Beardy. "We are not opposed to the goals of conservation, but Ontario's efforts to save the planet must not come at First Nations' expense."